Revisión bibliométrica de la producción científica de salud bucal en América Latina y el Caribe durante la pandemia deCOVID-19 / Bibliometric review of the scientific production of oral health in Latin America and The Caribbean during COVID-19pandemic

Introducción: El análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica en salud permite detallar el interés de autores, instituciones, organizaciones y revistas que coadyuvaron a un mejor entendimiento de la historia natural del SARS-CoV-2, con relación a la salud bucal. Objetivo: Caracterizar la bibliometría de la producción científica en salud bucal, relacionada con la pandemia de la COVID-19 en América Latina y el Caribe. Métodos: Se analizaron 143 artículos de la base de datos Scopus, publicados durante los años 2020 y 2021. Se consideró la producción científica anual, los diez autores e instituciones y organizaciones con mayor actividad en publicación, las diez principales revistas involucradas en publicaciones de artículos del tema, así como los términos bibliométricos más citados. Resultados: En el año 2020 se publicaron 73 artículos sobre el tema, que disminuyeron en 5,47 por ciento para el año 2021. Las instituciones más involucradas en publicaciones pertenecieron a Estados Unidos, Perú y Brasil. El autor más activo fue Machado R.A. La revista Investigación Brasileña en Odontopediatría y Clínica Integrada fue la más citada con 8,47 por ciento, el artículo más citado fue "Impactos del coronavirus COVID-19 en la Odontología y el potencial salival" con 119 citas y los descriptores más utilizados fueron "los humanos", "pandemia" y "odontología". Conclusión: La mayor producción científica de artículos citados, autores con más número de citaciones y revistas de gran publicación en salud bucal de América Latina y el Caribe está en Brasil. En EE.UU. se encuentra la institución con mayor actividad de apoyo para la publicación de artículos científicos y los descriptores más utilizados "pandemia", "humano" y "enfermedad coronavirus 2019"(AU)

Introduction: The bibliometric analysis of the scientific production in health allows detailing the interest of authors, institutions, organizations and journals that contributed to a better understanding of the natural history of SARS-CoV-2, in relation to oral health. Objective: To characterize the bibliometrics of scientific production in oral health, related to COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America and the Caribbean. Methods: One hundred forty-three articles were analyzed from Scopus database, which were published in 2020 and 2021. This study considered the annual scientific production, the ten authors, institutions and organizations with the greatest publication activity, the ten main journals involved in article publications on the subject, as well as the most cited bibliometric terms. Results: In 2020, seventy three articles on the subject were published, which decreased by 5.47 percent for 2021. The institutions most involved in publications were from the United States, Peru, and Brazil. The most active author was Machado R.A. The journal Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada was the most cited with 8.47 percent, the most cited article was "Impacts of coronavirus COVID-19 on Dentistry and salivary potential" with 119 citations and the most used descriptors were "the humans", "pandemic" and "dentistry". Conclusion: The largest scientific production of cited articles, authors with the highest number of citations, and highly-published journals on oral health in Latin America and the Caribbean is in Brazil. The institution with the greatest support activity for the publication of scientific articles and the most used descriptors "pandemic", "human" and "2019 coronavirus disease" are in the United States(AU)

Arterial Blood Gases in Normal Subjects at 2240 Meters Above Sea Level: Impact of Age, Gender, and Body Mass Index

ABSTRACT Background The values of arterial blood gases (ABG) change with altitude above sea level; empirical verification is essential because ventilatory acclimatization varies with ethnicity and a population's adaptation. Objective The aim of the study was to describe ABG in a healthy population residing at 2,240 meters above sea level, to identify the mean level of alveolar ventilation (PaCO2), and to know whether a progressive increase in PaCO2 occurs with age and the impact of increasing body mass index (BMI). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in a referral center for respiratory diseases in Mexico City. Associations among variables with correlation coefficient and regression models of PaO2, SaO2, and P(A-a)O2 as dependent variables as a function of age, BMI, minute ventilation, or breathing frequency were explored. Results Two hundred and seventeen healthy subjects were evaluated with a mean age of 40 ± 15 years, mean of the PaO2 was 71 ± 6 mmHg, SaO2 94% ± 1.6%, PaCO2 30.2 ± 3.4 mmHg, HCO3 20 ± 2 mmol/L, BE-2.9 ± 1.9 mmol/L, and the value of pH was 7.43 ± 0.02. In a linear regression, the main results were PaO2 = 77.5-0.16*age (p < 0.0001) and with aging P(A-a)O2 tended to increase 0.12 mmHg/year. PaCO2 in women increased with age by 0.075 mmHg/year (p = 0.0012, PaCO2 =26.3 + 0.075*age). SaO2 and PaO2 decreased significantly in women with higher BMI 0.14% and 0.52 mmHg per kg/m2, (p = 0.004 and 0.002 respectively). Conclusion Mean PaCO2 was 30.7 mmHg, implying a mean alveolar ventilation of around 30% above that at sea level.

Antibacterial Effect of Hypochlorous Acid on Bacteria Associated with the Formation of Periodontal Biofilms: An in vitro Pilot Study

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial effect of electrolytically generated hypochlorous acid on Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Material and Methods: In this in vitro experiment, the effect of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) on the strains S. gordonii, F. nucleatum, and P. gingivalis was evaluated using 4% sodium hypochlorite, 0.12% chlorhexidine, and distilled water as controls. The four groups were placed on each plate, and each group was replicated five times. The agar diffusion method by zones measurement was used. The data were processed with SPSS using the Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple comparison tests. Results: Hypochlorous acid showed an average inhibition halo of 9.28 mm on S. gordonii. As expected with distilled water, no zone of inhibition was noted for any of the bacteria, nor were zones of inhibition observed with HOCl for F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis. Conclusion: Hypochlorous acid showed antimicrobial properties against only S. gordonii and was less effective than 4% sodium hypochlorite and 0.12% chlorhexidine, although no significant differences were found between the latter.

Antibacterial and Antiadhesion Effects of Psidium guajava Fractions on a Multispecies Biofilm Associated with Periodontitis

Abstract Objective: To assess the antibacterial activity of Psidium guajava fractions and their effects on adhesion of a multispecies biofilm consisting of Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro. Material and Methods: Guava leaves were obtained from the mountains of northern Peru, where they grow wild and free of pesticides. The antimicrobial activity of 25 mg/mL petroleum ether, 25 mg/mL dichloromethane and 25 mg/mL methanol fractions of P. guajava was evaluated by measuring inhibition halos, as well as the effect on the adhesion of multispecies biofilms at 4, 7 and 10 days of growth by measuring the optical density. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test and its multiple comparison tests, and differences in mean biofilm adhesion between each fraction were assessed by repeated measures analysis and the Tukey multiple comparison test. Results: The rank-based Kruskal-Wallis test highlighted differences in the effects of the fractions on the zone of inhibition for each oral bacterium, including S. gordonii (p=0.000), F. nucleatum (p=0.000), and P. gingivalis (p=0.000), the Tukey test showed that the group treated with 0.12% chlorhexidine exhibited the least amount of adhesion, followed by the group treated with the 1.56 mg/mL methanol fraction. Conclusion: The methanol fraction of P. guajava had an antibacterial effect on S. gordonii and P. gingivalis, and the 1.56 mg/mL methanol fraction decreased biofilm adhesion.

Incorporación laboral de migrantes sur-sur y sus hijos e hijas en Argentina: intersecciones de género, generaciones y trabajo / Incorporação laboral de migrantes sul-sul e seus filhos na Argentina: interseções de gênero, gerações e trabalho / Labor incorporation of south-south migrants and their sons and daughters in Argentina: intersections of gender, generations and work

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los patrones generales de incorporación laboral de migrantes sur-sur y sus hijos e hijas en Argentina. En primer lugar, detallamos las características de la incorporación laboral de los migrantes y sus hijos en comparación con la población nativa y sus hijos. En segundo lugar, analizamos las formas de la incorporación en los diferentes segmentos laborales de la sociedad argentina. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren una incorporación estructurada por los vectores de género y generaciones. Las generaciones más jóvenes dentro del hogar (hijas e hijos tanto de población nativa como migrante) se incorporan en los segmentos más precarios y esta incorporación interactúa, de manera complementaria, con el género. Las mujeres hijas de hogares migrantes se insertan mayoritariamente en los segmentos más bajos de la estructura laboral mientras que, en el otro extremo, los hombres nativos se incorporan en mayor proporción en los segmentos más altos de la estructura laboral.

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os padrões gerais de incorporação laboral dos migrantes sul-sul e seus filhos e filhas na Argentina. Primeiro, detalhamos as características de incorporação laboral dos migrantes e seus filhos em comparação com a população nativa e seus filhos. Em segundo lugar, analisamos as formas de incorporação nos diferentes segmentos laborais da sociedade argentina. Os resultados obtidos sugerem uma incorporação estruturada pelos vetores de gênero e de gerações. As gerações mais jovens dentro do lar (filhas e filhos tanto da população nativa como da migrante) são incorporadas nos segmentos mais precários e, de forma complementar, esta incorporação interage com o gênero. As mulheres filhas de lares migrantes inserem-se, maiormente, nos segmentos mais baixos da estrutura laboral, enquanto, no outro extremo, os homens nativos incorporam-se nos segmentos mais altos da estrutura laboral.

The objective of this article is to analyze the general patterns of labor incorporation of migrants and children of south-south migrants in Argentina. Firstly, we detailed the characteristics of the labor incorporation of migrants and their children in comparison with the native population and their children. Secondly, we analyzed the forms of incorporation into the different labor segments of Argentine society. The results obtained suggest an incorporation structured by the vectors of gender and generations. The younger generations within the household (daughters and sons of both native and migrant populations) are incorporated into the most precarious segments and in a complementary way, this incorporation interacts with gender. Women who are daughters of migrant households are mostly inserted in the lower segments of the labor structure, while at the other extreme, native men are incorporated in a greater proportion in the higher segments of the labor structure.

La participación de varones y mujeres jóvenes en la toma de decisiones sobre salud sexual y reproductiva en Argentina: género y asimetrías socioeconómicas / Participation of young men and women in decision-making on sexual and reproductive health in Argentina: gender and socioeconomic asymmetries

Resumen: Introducción: En el presente artículo se analiza la participación de varones y mujeres jóvenes entre 14 y 19 años, en la toma de decisión sobre dos dimensiones de salud sexual y reproductiva: la primera relación sexual y el uso de métodos anticonceptivos. Metodología:se utilizaron datos provenientes de la primera Encuesta Nacional sobre Salud Sexual y Reproductiva (ESSyR) y se consideraron las diferencias por sexos. Examinamos medidas de asociación bivariadas por nivel socioeconómico alto (INSE alto) y nivel socioeconómico bajo (INSE bajo). Para estratificar a los hogares, se construye un índice de nivel socioeconómico (INSE), mediante un análisis de componentes principales policórico (ACPP). Finalmente, se visualizan las diferencias por sexo en la toma de decisiones mediante un análisis de correspondencias múltiples (ACM), para el nivel socioeconómico alto (INSE alto) y para el nivel socioeconómico bajo (INSE Bajo).Resultados: Los resultados sugieren una diferenciación por sexo de las siguientes dimensiones: a) mayor participación de los varones en la toma de decisión respecto de la primera relación sexual con respecto a las mujeres, b) mayor autonomía de los varones para la toma de decisión acerca del método anticonceptivo a utilizar regularmente y c) estabilidad en los patrones de participación en la toma de decisiones entre ambos INSE, con algunas diferencias en el caso de las mujeres. Conclusiones: Se sugiere menor satisfacción y autonomía de las jóvenes mujeres respecto de los hechos vinculados a su salud sexual que los varones.

Abstract: Introduction: We analyse the participation of young women and men between 14 and 19 years old, in decision-making on two dimensions of sexual and reproductive health: the first sexual relationship and the use of contraceptive methods. Methodology: we use data from the first National Survey on Sexual and Reproductive Health (ESSyR) and we analyse differences by sex. We examined bivariate association measures by socio-economic status indices (High SES and Low SES). We construct the socioeconomic index using polychoric principal component analysis (ACPP). Finally, the differences by sex in decision making are visualized using Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) for the different level of INSE. Results: The results suggest a differentiation by sex of the following dimensions: a) greater participation of men in decision-making regarding the first sexual relationship with respect to women, b) greater autonomy in men for decision-making about the contraceptive method to be used regularly and c) stability in the patterns of participation in decision-making between both SES, with some differences in the case of women. Conclusions: we suggest less satisfaction and autonomy of young women regarding the facts related to their sexual health than men.

Beneficial effects of a calf starter versus forage on rumen development and bacteria populations in beef calves / Efeitos benéficos de um concentrado de bezerro versus forragem no desenvolvimento ruminal e na população de bactérias em bezerros

ABSTRACT: Rumen development depends on the intake of solid food that is fermented into volatile fatty acids that stimulate the development of the rumen papillae in calves. The starter feeding can promote the growth of papillae in the rumen and as a consequence an earlier weaning. We evaluated the effects of calf starter on ruminal development, and productive response of lactating bull calves raised for meat in the tropics. Twelve male Brahman × Swiss American cross beef calves from a dual-purpose system were randomly assigned two treatments with six animals per treatment: milk-fed calves + Taiwan grass (Pennisetum purpureum, MT) and MT + calf starter, (MTS). Feed intake and growth were measured at 7-day intervals throughout until 210 d of age. At 90 days old, three calves from each treatment were harvested, and fluid and ruminal tissues were collected from the cranial, ventral, dorsal, and dorsal blind ruminal sacs for measurements of many papillaes per cm2 (NP), papillae length (LP) and papillae width (WP). Ruminal bacterial genotype identification was determined by amplicon generation with the Illumina platform. Calf starter-improved weight (Live weight, LW) and average weight gain (ADG) and NP, but, LP and WP was similar in both treatments (p < 0.05). In calves with starter feed treatment, we observed the bacteria Desulfonauticus autotrophicus sp. nov.that was not previously reported in ruminants. Use of calf starter showed benefit for calves with improved feed intake and rumen development because promoted a greater number of rumen papillae.

RESUMO: O desenvolvimento dorumen depende da ingestão de alimentos sólidos fermentados em ácidos graxos voláteis que estimulam o desenvolvimento das papilas de rúmen em bezerros. A alimentação inicial pode promover o crescimento das papilas no rúmen e, como consequência, um desmame mais cedo. Avaliamos os efeitos da concentrado de bezerros no desenvolvimento ruminal, e a resposta produtiva dos bezerros lactantes criados para carne nos trópicos. Doze bezerros de carne bovina cruza Brahman × suíço-americano machos de de um sistema de dupla finalidade foram aleatoriamente atribuídos adois tratamentos, com seis animais por tratamento: bezerros alimentados com leite + grama taiwanesa (Pennisetumpurpureum, MT) e MT+ concentrado de bezerro, (MTS). A ingestão de ração e o crescimento foram medidos. Aos 90 dias de idade, três bezerros de cada tratamento foi amostrado, e foram coletados tecidos fluidos dos sacos ruminais cranianos, ventral, dorsal e dorsal cegos para medições do número de papilas por cm2 (NP), comprimento das papilas (LP) e largura da papila (PM). A identificação do genótipo das bactérias ruminais foi determinada pela geração de amplicon com a plataforma de ilumine. Oconcentrado de bezerro melhorou o peso (LW) e o ganho diário médio (AGD) e NP, mas, LP e WP foram semelhantes nos dois tratamentos. Bezerros em MTS uma bactéria não encontrada anteriormente em ruminantes Desulfonauticus autotrophicus sp. nov. foi detectado. O uso de concentrado de bezerro mostrou benefício para bezerros com melhor ingestão de ração e desenvolvimento de rúmen, pois promove um maior número de papilas de rúmen.

Identification of Proteins Associated with the Formation of Oral Biofilms

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify proteins associated with the formation of Streptococcus gordonii and Fusobacterium nucleatum biofilms. Material and Methods: Biofilms composed of two bacterial species, S. gordonii and F. nucleatum, were cultured for 1, 4, 7, and 10 days. The presence of both species was confirmed via amplification of the srtA and radD genes using real-time PCR. The concentrations of proteins associated with the biofilms and individual species were quantified using Western blotting. Results: The protein profiles of S. gordonii and F. nucleatum from individual cultures determined using one-dimensional electrophoresis revealed proteins found in S. gordonii and in F. nucleatum. Ct and reciprocal Ct values were determined for the exposed S. gordonii and F. nucleatum biofilms. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) protein was detected in biofilms and F. nucleatum, whereas HSP40 protein was present only in biofilms after 7 and 10 days of formation. Conclusion: HSP40 was detected only in the formed biofilms; thus, HSP40 is an essential proteins for adhesion.

Principales técnicas quirúrgicas y complicaciones infecciosas en adultos mayores con fractura de cuello de fémur / Main surgical techniques and infectious complications in older adults with a femoral neck fracture

INTRODUCCIÓN. La fractura de cuello de fémur constituye un problema de salud a nivel mundial, siendo complicación frecuente la infección de vías urinarias en adultos mayores. OBJETIVO. Determinar las variables demográficas e identificar las principales complicaciones infecciosas pre y posquirúrgicas en adultos mayores con fractura de cuello de fémur. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo, con una población igual a la muestra de 310 datos de Historias Clínicas, de pacientes hospitalizados en la Unidad de Traumatología y Ortopedia del Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín durante el periodo abril 2018 a febrero 2019. Criterios de inclusión: mayores de 65 años de edad, con diagnóstico prequirúrgico de fractura de cuello de fémur. Criterios exclusión: menores de 65 años con fractura patológica de cuello de fémur. Los datos fueron tomados del sistema AS400, la tabulación y análisis se realizó en los programas estadísticos Microsoft Excel e International Business Machines Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versión 20. RESULTADOS. Las complicaciones fueron las infecciones: vías urinarias 14,19% (44; 310), tracto respiratorio inferior 3,23 % (10; 310) y menos común la de tracto respiratorio superior 0,33% (1; 310). DISCUSIÓN. Este estudio encontró a las infecciones de vías urinarias como primera causa de complicación en la artroplastia total de cadera, similar a otras investigaciones en Latinoamérica. CONCLUSIÓN. Se identificó a la infección de vías urinarias como usual en pacientes pre y posquirúrgicos de fractura de cuello de fémur, mientras que menos frecuente fue la infección de tracto respiratorio superior en las prequirúrgica y la sepsis en las posquirúrgicas.

INTRODUCTION. The femoral neck fracture constitutes a health problem worldwide, with urinary tract infection being a frequent complication in older adults. OBJECTIVE. To determine the demographic variables and identify the main infectious complications before and after surgery in older adults with a femoral neck fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Observational, descriptive and retrospective study, with a population equal to the sample of 310 data from Medical Records, of hospitalized patients in the Traumatology and Orthopedics Unit of the Carlos Andrade Marín Specialty Hospital during the period april 2018 to february 2019. Inclusion criteria: people over 65 years of age, with a pre-surgical diagnosis of a femoral neck fracture. Exclusion criteria: under 65 years old with pathological fracture of the femoral neck. The data were taken from the AS400 system, the tabulation and analysis was carried out in the statistical programs Microsoft Excel and International Business Ma- chines Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 20. RESULTS. Complications were infections: urinary tract 14,19% (44; 310), lower respiratory tract 3,23% (10; 310) and the less common upper respiratory tract 0,33% (1, 310). DISCUSSION. This study found urinary tract infections as the first cause of complication in total hip arthroplasty, similar to other investigations in Latin America. CONCLUSION. Urinary tract infection was identified as usual in pre and postoperative femoral neck fracture patients, while upper respiratory tract infection was less frequent in preoperative and sepsis in postoperative.

Effectiveness of Chlorhexidine and Essential Oils Associated with Scaling and Root Planing in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis / Efectividad de la clorhexidina y aceites esenciales asociados al raspado y alisado radicular en el tratamiento de periodontitis crónica / Efetividade da clorexidina e aceites essenciais associados à raspagem e alisamento radicular no tratamento de periodontite crónica

Abstract Introduction: Adjunctive treatment for periodontal disease is quite varied and depends on many factors. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of 0.12% chlorhexidine and essential oils associated with scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Material and methods: The sample included 42 patients randomly assigned to three groups. Decrease in periodontal status was measured with the World Health Organization's periodontal probe by analyzing probe depth values and level of clinical insertion at 3, 4, and 5 months. Statistical analysis of the progress of the three therapies was conducted using Student's t, Anova, and Tukey tests with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The obtained values demonstrated that 0.12% chlorhexidine is more effective in all of its follow ups, whereas no significant difference existed between essential oils and the control group. A significant difference was observed over time in each separate treatment. Conclusión: Chlorhexidine at a 0.12% concentration associated with root scaling and planing is better than essential oil therapies for the treatment of chronic periodontitis.

Resumen Introducción: el tratamiento coadyuvante de la enfermedad periodontal es muy variado y depende de muchos factores. El objetivo del presente artículo fue comparar la efectividad entre clorhexidina al 0.12 % y aceites esenciales asociados al raspado y alisado radicular en el tratamiento de periodontitis crónica. Materiales y métodos: la muestra estuvo conformada por 42 pacientes distribuidos aleatoriamente en 3 grupos. La disminución del estado periodontal se midió con la sonda periodontal de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, analizando los valores profundidad al sondaje y el nivel de inserción clínica a los 3, 4 y 5 meses. Para el análisis estadístico de la evolución de las 3 terapias se empleó la t de Student, análisis de varianza y test de Tukey con un nivel de significancia de p < 0.05. Resultados: los valores obtenidos demostraron que la clorhexidina al 0.12 % es más efectiva en todos sus controles; mientras que no existe diferencia significativa entre aceites esenciales y el grupo control. Existe diferencia significativa a través del tiempo en cada tratamiento por separado. Conclusión: la clorhexidina al 0.12 %> asociada al raspado y alisado radicular es superior a los tratamientos con aceites esenciales en el tratamiento de la periodontitis crónica.

Resumo Introdução: o tratamento coadjuvante da doença periodontal é muito variado e depende de muitos fatores. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comprar a efetividade entre clorexidina ao 0.12% e aceites essenciais associados à raspagem e alisamento radicular no tratamento de periodontite crónica. Materiais e métodos: a amostra esteve conformada por 42 pacientes distribuídos aleatoriamente em 3 grupos. A diminuição de estado periodontal se mediu com a sonda periodontal as Organização Mundial da Saúde analisando os valores profundidade à sondagem e nível de inserção clínica aos 3, 4 e 5 meses. A análise estatística da evolução das 3 terapias, se realizou empregando t de Student, Anova e teste de Tukey com um nível de significancia de p < 0.05. Resultados: os valores obtidos demostraram que a clorexidina ao 0.12% é mais efetiva em todos seus controles, enquanto não existe diferença significativa entre aceites essenciais e o grupo controle. Existe diferença significativa através do tempo em cada tratamento por separado. Conclusão: a clorexidina ao 0.12% associada à raspagem e alisamento radicular é superior aos tratamentos com aceites essenciais no tratamento da periodontite crónica.

Proteína C-reactiva asociada a la condición periodontal de gestantes / C-reactive protein associated with the periodontal condition of pregnant women

RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar el nivel de proteína C-reactiva según el estado periodontal, edad y trimestre de gestación en gestantes del Centro de Salud Magna Vallejo en Cajamarca, Perú. Materiales y métodos Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Se trabajó con una muestra de 60 gestantes divididas en tres grupos: gestantes periodontalmente sanas, con gingivitis y con periodontitis. Se empleó el índice de Rusell para la determinación del estado periodontal. El valor del nivel de proteína C-reactiva fue tomado del registro de la historia clínica de cada paciente. Resultados Se encontró un nivel de proteína C-reactiva elevado en el 66,70 % de gestantes con gingivitis y en el 100 % de gestantes con periodontitis, así mismo en el 84,60 % de gestantes adultas. Conclusiones Los niveles de proteína C-reactiva tienden a elevarse en las pacientes con enfermedad periodontal y se incrementa con la edad de las gestantes.

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the C-reactive protein level according to the periodontal state, age and trimester of pregnancy in pregnant women who attend the Centro de Salud Magna Vallejo, Cajamarca, Peru. Materials and methods An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted in a sample of 60 pregnant women divided into three groups: those who were periodontally healthy, those with gingivitis and those with periodontitis. The Russell Index was used to determine the periodontal status. The value of the C-reactive protein level was taken from each patient's medical record. Results An elevated C-reactive protein level was found in 66.70 % of the pregnant women with gingivitis, 100 % of the pregnant women with periodontitis and 84.60 % of the adult pregnant women. Conclusions C-reactive protein levels tend to rise in patients with periodontal disease and increase in adult pregnant women.

Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Effect of Plantago Major Extract on Periodontal Pathogens

Abstract Objective: To determine the in vitro antibacterial effect of different concentrations of the ethanol extract of Plantago major (plantain) on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Material and Methods: Bacterial susceptibility tests were used in conjunction with the agar diffusion test and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test using the broth macrodilution technique. Results: Different concentrations of ethanol extract (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) dissolved in 70% ethanol were used, with a positive control (0.12% chlorhexidine + 0.05% cetyl-pyridinium chloride) and a negative control (70% alcohol). The extracts at 75% and 100% showed inhibition halos against both strains studied. With 0.12% chlorhexidine + 0.05% cetyl-pyridinium chloride, inhibition halos averaged 14.9 mm, in contrast to 70º alcohol, where no bacterial inhibition was observed. The MIC was 50% for both species. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Plantago major presents an in vitro antibacterial effect on Porphyromonas gingivalis, they may have potential applications in food and pharmaceutical products.

Percepciones de la enfermedad y hábitos de vida saludable en personas con enfermedades crónicas / Illness perceptions and healthy life habits in people with chronic disease

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar las percepciones de la enfermedad que se asocian con hábitos de vida saludable en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas en Medellín y municipios aledaños. Método: Estudio prospectivo correlacional basado en la aplicación del cuestionario breve de percepciones de la enfermedad (BIPQ), cuestionario de la salud del paciente (PHQ-9), cuestionario de ansiedad generalizada (GAD-7) y un cuestionario de hábitos de vida saludable. Participaron 51 pacientes con diferentes enfermedades crónicas: migraña, cáncer de seno, diabetes, artritis reumatoide, enfermedad cardiovascular e hipertensión arterial primaria. La evaluación de los hábitos de vida saludable se llevó a cabo tres meses después. Resultados: Se encontró que en promedio los participantes comprenden su enfermedad (M = 8,09, D.T. = 2,48), perciben que sus acciones (M = 7,06, D.T. = 2,79) y el tratamiento (M = 7,89, D.T. = 2,69) la controlan y que esta tiene un carácter crónico (M = 7,49, D.T. = 3,16); que hay correlaciones entre los hábitos de vida saludables (HVS) con la percepción de consecuencias de forma negativa, y la identidad y preocupación emocional de manera positiva (p < 0,05). Además, que una relación lineal entre las consecuencias (Beta = 0,391) y la preocupación emocional por la enfermedad (Beta = 0,311) con los HVS, F (5, 45) = 2,707, p < 0,05. Las proporciones de depresión y ansiedad en la muestra fueron similares a las de la población general. Conclusiones: La percepción de que una enfermedad tiene consecuencias negativas y la preocupación por esta lleva a la implementación de comportamientos saludables.

Abstract Objective: This paper aims to assess illness perceptions associated with healthy lifestyle habits in patients with chronic diseases in Medellin and surrounding municipalities. Method: A prospective correlational study was conducted using a brief illness perceptions questionnaire (BIPQ), a patient's health questionnaire (PHQ-9), a generalized anxiety questionnaire (GAD-7) and a healthy habits questionnaire. 51 patients with different chronic diseases were sampled, illness such as: migraine, breast cancer, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease and primary arterial hypertension. The assessment of healthy lifestyle habits (HLH) was done three months later. Results: It was found, as a result, that people with chronic diseases understand their illness (M = 8.09, S.D. = 2.48); some of them perceive that their actions (M = 7.06, S.D. = 2.79) and others perceive that their treatment (M = 7.89, S.D. = 2.69) control their diseases and that they have a chronic nature (M = 7.49, S.D. = 3.16). Significant correlations were found between HLH and the perception of consequences in a negative way, and the emotional identity and concern in a positive way (p < 0.05). A linear relationship was found between consequences (Beta = 0.391) and the emotional concern (Beta = 0.311) for the disease with HLH, F (5. 45) = 2.707, p < 0.05. The proportion of depression and anxiety in the sample was similar to general population. Conclusions: The perception that a disease has negative consequences and the concern for it leads to the implementation of healthy behaviors.

Diferencias atencionales y ejecutivas en jóvenes y adultos con consumo no patológico de sustancias / Attentional and executive differences in youth and adults with non-pathological substance use

Las funciones ejecutivas y la atención se muestran comprometidas en la dependencia crónica al alcohol y al abuso de sustancias en adultos. Los efectos del consumo ocasional sobre el funcionamiento ejecutivo no se encuentran extensamente valorados y reportados. Se evaluaron 45 jóvenes y adultos universitarios, sin antecedentes de consumo problemático ni antecedentes psiquiátricos, con inventarios para valorar sintomatología disejecutiva (DEX e ISP); y cuestionarios para relevar los problemas derivados del consumo de alcohol (AUDIT) y marihuana (MSI-X). Los examinados con mayor puntaje en el MSI-X muestran índices mayores índices de problemas motivacionales y problemas de control emocional en el ISP, así como mayor índice de desorganización/apatía y puntaje total del DEX. Los examinados con mayor puntaje en el AUDIT presentan mayores índices de desorganización/apatía y del puntaje total en el DEX, así como mayor índice de problemas de control ejecutivo y puntaje total del ISP. El consumo no problemático de alcohol y marihuana podría dar lugar a diferencias ejecutivas y atencionales en jóvenes y adultos(AU)

Executive functions and attention were altered in chronic alcohol dependence and substance abuse in adults. The effects of sporadic consumption on executive functioning are not widely valued or reported. Were evaluated 45 young and adults with university studies, with no history of problematic consumption or psychiatric history, with inventories to assess disejecutive symptoms (DEX and ISP); and questionnaires to assess the problems derived from the consumption of alcohol (AUDIT) and marijuana (MSI-X). The participants with higher score in the MSI-X show higher indices of emotional control problems and in the total ISP score, as well as higher rate of disorganization / apathy and total DEX score. The participants with higher score in the AUDIT show higher rates of executive control problems and total ISP score, as well as higher rate of disorganization / apathy and total DEX score. The non-problematic consumption of alcohol and marijuana could lead to executive and attentional differences in young people and adults(AU)

Efectividad analgésica del clonixinato de lisina asociado con el paracetamol en el tratamiento posoperatorio de exodoncias / Analgesic Effectiveness of Lysine Clonixinate Associated with Paracetamol in the Postoperative Treatment of Exodontias / Efetividade analgésica do clonixinato de lisina associado ao paracetamol no tratamento pós-operatório de exodontias

Resumen Introducción : el uso de terapias analgésicas para controlar el dolor postexodoncia es muy variado y depende muchos factores. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la efectividad analgésica del paracetamol asociado con el clonixinato de lisina y compararlo con monoterapias de paracetamol e ibuprofeno en el tratamiento posoperatorio de exodoncias. Materiales y métodos : la muestra estuvo conformada por 39 pacientes distribuidos aleatoriamente en tres grupos. El dolor posoperatorio se midió utilizando la Escala Visual Análoga (EVA) 1 h, 8 h y 24 h postexodoncia. El análisis estadístico de la evolución de las tres terapias, se realizó empleando el test t de Student, ANOVA y test de Tuckey, con un nivel de significancia de p < 0.05. Resultados : los valores obtenidos demostraron que la combinación analgésica de paracetamol asociado con el clonixinato de lisina fue más efectiva 1 h y 8 h después. A las 24 h no existieron diferencias en los tres grupos de estudio. Conclusión : la analgesia de la terapia combinada de Paracetamol asociada con el Clonixinato de lisina es superior a la producida por la dosis estándar de Ibuprofeno y Paracetamol en el tratamiento del dolor posoperatorio de exodoncias simples.

Abstract Introduction : The use of analgesic therapies to control post-exodontia pain is very varied and depends on many factors. The study had two aims: to compare the analgesic effectiveness of paracetamol associated with lysine clonixinate and to compare it with monotherapies of paracetamol and ibuprofen in exodontias' postoperative treatment. Materials and methods : The sample consisted of 39 patients randomized into three groups. The postoperative pain was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), at 1h, 8h, and 24h after exodontia. Statistical analysis of the evolution of the three therapies was performed using Student's t-test, ANOVA and Tuckey's test, with a level of significance of p <0.05. Results : The values obtained showed that the analgesic combination of paracetamol associated with clonixinate of lysine was more effective at 1h and 8h. At 24h, there were no differences in the three study groups. Conclusion : The analgesia of the combined therapy of paracetamol associated with clonixinate of lysine is superior to that produced by the standard dose of ibuprofen and paracetamol in the treatment of post-operation pain of simple extractions.

Resumo Introdução : o uso de terapias analgésicas para controlar a dor pós-exodontia é muito variada e depende de muitos fatores. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a efetividade analgésica do paracetamol associado ao clonixinato de lisina e compará-lo com monoterapias de paracetamol e ibuprofeno no tratamento pós-operatório de exodontias. Materiais e métodos : a amostra esteve conformada por 39 pacientes distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos. A dor pós-operatória mediu-se utilizando a Escala Visual Análoga (EVA) às 1 h, 8 h e 24 h pós-exodontia. A análise estatística da evolução das três terapias, se realizaram empregando o teste t de Student, ANOVA e teste de Tuckey, com um nível de significancia de p<0.05. Resultados : os valores obtidos demostraram que a combinação analgésica de paracetamol associado a clonixinato de lisina, foi mais efetiva às 1 h e 8 h. Às 24 h, não existiram diferenças nos três grupos de estudo. Conclusão : a analgesia da terapia combinada de Paracetamol associado a Clonixinato de lisina, é superior à produzida pela dose standard de Ibuprofeno e Paracetamol no tratamento da dor pós-operatória de exodontias simples.

Migración sur-sur y desigualdad: alteraciones en la incorporación laboral de migrantes peruanos en la Ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina, 2001-2010 / South-South migration and inequality: alterations in the labor incorporation of peruvian migrants in the City of Córdoba, Argentina, 2001-2010

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la incorporación laboral de los migrantes peruanos en la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina, en el periodo 2001-2010. Métodos: Se realiza análisis estadístico descriptivo en la primera fase y análisis de correspondencias múltiples en la segunda fase (ACM), ambos en perspectiva comparada con la población nativa. Resultados: los hombres aumentan la participación en la industria, tanto los nativos como los migrantes. Sin embargo, en mayor magnitud para los hombres peruanos. Las mujeres nativas ven poco alterada su estructura ocupacional en el periodo. Para las mujeres nacidas en Perú el movimiento hacia el sector de la industria también se aprecia. Sin embargo, el rasgo más destacable para este grupo es la desconcentración de la categoría más frecuente: el trabajo doméstico, en un proceso que va en dirección a diversificar el espectro de ocupaciones. Conclusiones: en relación a los migrantes peruanos, el clivaje de género presenta estabilidad como un mecanismo que explica las inserciones diferenciales, donde las mujeres persisten en ocupaciones específicas en el periodo considerado. Esto apoya la hipótesis de una incorporación segmentada para las mujeres. Sin embargo, también se observa una variación, ya que aunque la categoría más frecuente sea el trabajo doméstico en ambos momentos censales, la menor proporción de ellas allí empleadas en el 2010, indica que otras ocupaciones adquieren relevancia. En el caso de los hombres el principal rasgo es el trasvase hacia la industria.

Abstract Objective: to analyze the labor incorporation of Peruvian migrants in the city of Córdoba, Argentina, in the period 2001-2010. Methods: We use descriptive statistical analysis in the first step and analysis of multiple correspondences in the second step (MCA), both in comparative perspective with the native population. Results: men increase participation in the industry, both natives and migrants. However, the magnitude is greater for Peruvian men. For native women, the change in the occupational structure is small. For women born in Peru the movement towards the industry sector is also appreciated. However, the most remarkable feature for this group is the scattering of the most frequent category: domestic work, in a process that goes in the direction of diversifying the spectrum of occupations. Conclusions: in relation to Peruvian migrants, gender cleavage presents stability as a mechanism that explains differential incorporation, where women persist in specific occupations in the period considered. This supports the hypothesis of a segmented incorporation for women. However, there is also a variation, since although the most frequent category is domestic work in both census periods, the lower proportion of them employed there in 2010 indicates that other occupations acquire relevance. In the case of men, the main feature is the transfer to industry.

Prevalencia de Fracturas de Pelvis en el Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, 2017-2018 / Prevalence of Pelvic Fractures at the Carlos Andrade Marin Specialty Hospital, 2017-2018

INTRODUCIÓN. Las fracturas de pelvis se presentan con severidad variable, desde lesiones de baja energía, hasta lesiones secundarias a un traumatismo de alta energía, que llevan a una inestabilidad del anillo pélvico, con lesiones asociadas y altas tasas de morbimortalidad. El manejo inicial se sustenta en la aplicación de protocolos de soporte vital avanzado, disminuir el sangrado pélvico con medidas que reduzcan el volumen de perdida sanguínea en la cavidad pélvica y estabilización de la lesión. Tras la estabilización inicial del paciente el objetivo primordial radica en la restauración anatómica del anillo pélvico predictor de la recuperación funcional. OBJETIVO. Evaluar la prevalencia de pacientes con fracturas de pelvis que ingresaron a la Unidad de Ortopedia de un hospital de tercer nivel. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Se trató de un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, con población 44126, una muestra de 233 pacientes, criterios de inclusión: diagnóstico de fracturas de pelvis, ingresados a la unidad, criterios de exclusión: edad menor a 18 años, registros se encontraban incompletos, el estudio fue en pacientes que ingresaron al Servicio de Ortopedia y Traumatología del Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, en el período comprendido del 1º de Enero, 2017 al 31 de Diciembre, 2018. Se realizó la revisión de Historia Clínica Única del sistema AS400 del Hospital, se analizó los datos con ayuda de SPSS v22. RESULTADOS. Se reportó una prevalencia anual del 0,255%. En promedio de edad global de 31 +/-5,6 años de edad, con un rango de 18 a 67 años. Afectación del 90,2% en población económicamente activa, la causa más común fueron los accidentes de tránsito 68,6% (160;233), el 81,61% (190;233) fue de sexo masculino, el 18,38% (43;233) femenino. CONCLUSIÓN. Las fracturas de pelvis representaron patologías de morbimortalidad elevada, con una prevalencia anual del 0,2% reportada en el Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, afectación mayor en población económicamente activa, proporción de 3 a 1 en relación hombre y mujer, los accidentes de tránsito la etiología más prevalente. El tiempo de traslado al hospital de referencia es mayor a los 120 minutos en la mayoría de casos, el manejo quirúrgico en los pacientes que lo requirieron mejoró el pronóstico funcional en los mismos.

INTRODUCTION. Pelvic fractures occur with varying severity, from low energy injuries, to secondary injuries to high energy trauma, which lead to pelvic ring instability, with associated injuries and high morbidity and mortality rates. The initial management is based on the application of advanced life support protocols, reducing pelvic bleeding with measures that reduce the volume of blood loss in the pelvic cavity and stabilization of the lesion. After the initial stabilization of the patient, the primary objective lies in the anatomical restoration of the pelvic ring predictive of functional recovery. OBJECTIVE. To assess the prevalence of patients with pelvic fractures admitted to the Orthopedics Unit of a third level hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS. It was an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study, with population 44126, a sample of 233 patients, inclusion criteria: diagnosis of pelvic fractures, admitted to the unit, exclusion criteria: age under 18 years, records were were incomplete, the study was in patients who entered the Orthopedics and Traumatology Service of the Carlos Andrade Marín Specialties Hospital, in the period from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018. The review of the Unique Clinical History of the AS400 system of the Hospital, the data was analyzed with the help of SPSS v22. RESULTS. An annual prevalence of 0,255% was reported. On average global age 31 +/- 5.6 years old, with a range of 18 to 67 years. Affectation of 90,2% in economically active population, the most common cause was traffic accidents 68,6% (160;233), 81,61% (190;233) was male, 18,38% (43;233) female. CONCLUSION. Pelvic fractures represented pathologies of high morbidity and mortality, with an annual prevalence of 0,2% reported in the Carlos Andrade Marín Specialties Hospital, major affectation in economically active population, ratio of 3 to 1, in relation to men and women, traffic accidents the most prevalent etiology. The transfer time to the reference hospital is greater than 120 minutes in most cases, surgical management in patients who required it improved their functional prognosis.